Análisis clínico-epidemiológico de las subfracciones HDL2 y HDL3 en adultos de la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela / Clinical-epidemiological analysis of HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions in adults from Maracaibo city, Venezuela

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar un análisis clínico-epidemiológico de las subfracciones de colesterol unido a lipoproteinas de alta densidad (HDL-C, por sus siglas en inglés) en adultos de la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de la base de datos del Estudio de Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico de Maracaibo, que incluyó 359 individuos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, a quienes se les determinó la concentración sérica de HDL3 y HDL2, así como el índice HDL2/HDL3; evaluando sus niveles según características sociodemográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas. Resultados: La edad promedio de la población era 39,4 ± 15,2 años, y 51,5% era de sexo femenino. Solo se observaron diferencias en los niveles de HDL-C en aquellos sujetos con HDL-C bajas. Las mujeres con hipertriacilgliceridemia mostraron concentraciones séricas de HDL3 y HDL2 significativamente menores con respecto a aquellas con triacilglicéridos normales (p=0,033); asimismo, se encontró una concentración menor de HDL3 y relación HDL2/HDL3 en aquellas con proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-us) elevada (p<0,001). En hombres, se evidenció una concentración significativamente menor de HDL2 en aquellos con algún grado de hipertensión arterial (p=0,031), insulinorresistencia (p=0,050) y síndrome metabólico (p=0,003); mientras que aquellos con PCR-us elevada mostraron una menor concentración de HDL3 (p=0,011). Conclusión: Las subfracciones de HDL-C muestran un comportamiento clínico epidemiológico variable en adultos de la población de Maracaibo, con promedios más bajos en los hombres, diferencias en los niveles únicamente en aquellos con HDL-C bajas, y sin predominio de alguna subclase según las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out a clinical-epidemiological analysis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions (HDL-C) in adults from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the database from the Metbolic Syndrome Prevalence in Maracaibo Study was carried out. HDL3 and HDL2 serum concentration, as well as the HDL2/HDL3 ratio, were determined in 359 individuals of both sexes, over 18 years of age. Values obtained were evaluated according to sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics. Results: Mean population age was 39.4 ± 15.2 years, and 51.5% were female. Differences in HDL-C subfraction levels were only observed in those subjects with low HDL-C levels. Women with hypertriglyceridemia showed significantly lower serum HDL3 and HDL2 concentrations than those with normal triglycerides (p=0.033), as well as a lower HDL3 level and HDL2 / HDL3 ratio in those with higher levels of ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) (p<0.001). A significantly lower concentration of HDL2 was observed in men with some degree of hypertension (p=0.031), insulin resistance (p=0.050) and metabolic syndrome (p=0.003); while those with elevated us-CRP showed a lower concentration of HDL3 (p=0.011). Conclusion: HDL-C subfractions show varying clinical-epidemiological behavior in adults from Maracaibo. Lower serum levels are observed in men, differences only in those with low HDL-C; and no predominance of any subclass was observed according to sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics.

Higher High Density Lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) to Total HDL Cholesterol Ratio Is Associated with a Lower Risk for Incident Hypertension

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is inversely associated with the development of hypertension. We aimed to determine the association between different HDL cholesterol subclasses and risk of future hypertension. METHODS: A total of 270 Japanese Americans (130 men, 140 women) without hypertension between the ages of 34 to 75 years were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer, and average blood pressure was calculated. Incident hypertension was determined 5 to 6 and 10 to 11 years after enrollment. HDL2, HDL3, and total HDL cholesterol were measured at baseline. RESULTS: During 10 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was 28.1% (76/270). In univariate analysis, age, diabetes, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and visceral adipose tissue were significant predictors for incident hypertension. Among the HDL cholesterol subclass, HDL2 cholesterol was inversely associated with hypertension incidence, but both total and HDL3 cholesterol were not. In addition, HDL2/HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with future hypertension risk. In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 2.31; P=0.001), systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.56; P < 0.001), and HDL2/HDL cholesterol (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.98; P=0.035), were associated with future development of hypertension. CONCLUSION: A higher proportion of HDL2 cholesterol among total HDL cholesterol predicted a lower risk for incident hypertension. However, concentrations of total HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol were not independent predictors of incident hypertension.

Characteristics of serum lipid profiles in patients with primary hypothyroidism / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To study the changes of serum lipoprotein cholesterol subclass in patients with primary hypothyroidism).Methods 38 cases of primary hypothyroidism were divided into clinical hypothyroidism group (hypothyroidism group,20 cases) and subclinical hypothyroidism group (subclinical hypothyroidism group,18 cases),Another 20 healthy persons (control group) were selected as control group.5 ml of fasting venous blood was extracted,the serum was separated and preserved at-80 ℃.Configuration of density liquid and ultracentrifugation under different background densities was done.Cholesterol oxidase method was used to determine the serum cholesterol,levels of small and low density lipoprotein (sdLDL),high density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2),and HDL3.At the same time,levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3),thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were checked.Statistical analysis of the correlation between the thyroid relevant hormone mentioned above and serum lipoprotein cholesterol subclass was done.Results ① The total cholesterol,triglycerideand LDL cholesterol levels in hypothyroidism group and subclinical hypothyroidism group were higher than that in the control group,However,the HDL level was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05);② SdLDL-C in hypothyroidism group and subclinical hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05);serum HDL2-C in hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜0.05);while the significance of HDL3 was not reached;sdLDL-C,HDL2-C,HDL3-C in hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism group had no statistical significance;(Primary thyroid dysfunction occurs,the level of sdLDL-C was positively correlated with TSH (r =0.287,P =0.026),and negatively correlated with T4 (r =-0.267,P =0.039);and no correlation with T3;HDL2-C and T3,T4 were positively correlated (r =0.271,0.270,P =0.036,0.037);no significant correlation between HDL3-C and TSH,T3 T4.Conclusion The changes of clinical lipid profile and lipoprotein cholesterol subclass in patients with hypothyroidism are correlated with thyroid function.

Cardiac risk factors in descendants of parents with history of coronary artery disease (CAD) : An evaluation focusing on small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDLc) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc).

The risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in descendants with positive family history of CAD was evaluated in either one of or both the parents among 71 selected families. Subjects were grouped as parents and descendants without and with CAD and descendants spouses without CAD or family history of CAD. All subjects were examined for anthropometric characteristics, fasting blood sugar, serum lipids, lipoprotein sub-fractions, insulin, insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function. The results were subjected to statistical analysis by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was prevalent in the 83% descendants with CAD and 54.6% parents with CAD. The traditional risk factors were observed in both parents and descendants with CAD. Metabolic risk factors, including hypertriglyceridemia, low HDLc levels and hyperglycaemia had a higher frequency in the descendants with CAD. ANOVA showed significant ‘F’ ratio for the anthropometric characteristics, hypertension, serum lipids, small dense (sd) LDLc levels, HDL2c levels and HDL3c levels in the descendants parents with CAD and CAD + diabetes mellitus (DM), as compared to those without CAD. The descendants without CAD, but with a positive family history had central adiposity, hypertension and had lower HDL levels and elevated sdLDLc levels. Multiple analyses of variance showed that sdLDLc and waist circumference were the most potent risk factors for prevalence of CAD. Thus, we conclude that a positive family history of CAD along with central adiposity and elevation of sdLDLc levels appear to be important factors in the assessment of CAD risk in humans.

Efecto del ejercicio en subpoblaciones de lipoproteínas de alta densidad y en la presión arterial / Effect of exercise on high density lipoprotein subpopulations and blood pressure

Objetivo Determinar la relación del ejercicio con los niveles séricos de la apoA-I y las subpoblaciones de HDL2 y HDL3, en personas hipertensas de la Ciudad de Armenia - Quindío. Métodos La intervención fueron dos meses de ejercicio. La presión arterial se tomó con las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Las subpoblaciones de HDL se midieron con el método del precipitado ionico y la apoA-I se midió con la técnica de nefelometría de bindig site. Resultados Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se captaron 160 pacientes de los cuales 125 permanecieron hasta el final del proyecto, es decir, hubo un 78,12 % de permanencia; el 28 % hicieron ejercicio. El análisis mostró una reducción altamente significativa de la tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica mayor en las personas que hicieron que en las que no hicieron ejercicio. Las cifras de HDL estaban por debajo de lo normal antes del ejercicio aumentaron significativamente con el ejercicio pero aún se mantuvieron por debajo de los valores de referencia, las HDL2 aumentaron significativamente, mientras las HDL3 descendieroncon niveles normales de apoA-I. Conclusiones Este trabajo muestra que el ejercicio aumenta las HDL totales, pero lo más importante es que modifica la subpoblaciones de HDL en una relación que favorece aquellas que parecen tener propiedades ateroprotectivas. Y la evidencia de la interrelación entre factores protectores, aporta nuevos argumentos para las acciones en salud pública, frente al riesgo cardiovascular y la hipertensión Arterial.

Objetive Determine the relationship of exercise with serum levels of apoA-I and HDL2 and HDL3, subpopulations in hypertensive individuals from the city of Armenia - Quindío. Methods The interventions were two months of exercise. Blood pressure was taken with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Colombia. HDL subpopulations were measured with the method of precipitate ionicand the apoA-I was measured using nephelometry of Bindig site. Results Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 160 patients of whom 125 remained until the end of the project were gathered, that is, there was a 78.12 % retention, 28 % did the exercise. The analysis showed a highly significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher in people who did exercise. The HDL were below normal before exercise, significantly increased with exercise but still remained below the reference values, the HDL2 increased significantly, while HDL3 decreased with normal levels of apoA-I. Conclusion This study shows that exercise increases the total HDL, but the most important is that exercise modified the HDL subpopulations in a relationship that favors those which seem to have ateroprotective properties. The evidence of the interrelationship between protective factors provides new arguments for public health actions against the cardiovascular risk and hypertension.

The Associations between Alcohol Intake and HDL Cholesterol Subclasses in Korean Population

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol intake has been found to be associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the association of alcohol intake with HDL cholesterol subclasses is unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the association between alcohol intake and HDL cholesterol subclasses among Koreans. METHODS: This study included in 1,101 healthy Koreans (men: 765, women: 336) who underwent health check-up at two hospitals in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study 2 (KCPS2). The amounts of alcohol intake were classified into 4 groups: non-, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers (0, or =50.0 g/day, respectively). The proportions of HDL cholesterol subclasses were measured after subclasses were identified by 4-30% gradient gel electrophoresis. Multiple regression models were used to estimate regression coefficients after multivariate adjustments. RESULTS: The concentration of HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 significantly increased with increasing amount of alcohol intake. After adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), waist and smoking status, alcohol consumers of <12.5 g/day, 12.5-49.9 g/day and more than 50.0g/day showed significant positive associations with HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 concentration when compared to non-alcohol drinkers in men. In particular, The strongest positive associations were obtained with HDL2b and HDL3c. CONCLUSION: HDL2 and HDL3 were significantly associated with increasing amount of alcohol intake in Koreans. In particular, HDL2b among HDL2 and HDL3c among HDL3 showed the strongest positive association with increasing amount of alcohol intake.

THE EFFECTS OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE ON THE LEVELS OF THE PLASMA-HDL CHOLESTEROL IN,CEREBRAL INFARCTION / 重庆医科大学学报

A study to compare the efficacy of elevating the levels of plasma HDLc and its subc lass cholesterol and reducing the levels of plasma TC and TG in patients with cerebral infarction respectively treated with Radix salviae miltiorrhizae(RSM),and other commonly used drugs(cinnarizine and cyclandelate)was reported.The group of RSM(28 cases) and the group of control (16 cases)were treated for a month.The results showed that the levels of plamsma HDLc and HDL2c, the HDLc/TC, HDLc/TG. HDL2c/TC and HDL2c/TG were elevated significantly(p